Thursday, 16 June 2011
Communism-Unfinished Draft
Communism has a number of advantages and disadvantages. From the political science point of view, communism is a system where the property and profit are based on public ownership. Therefore, one of the major advantages of communism is equity (equality and financial security). In a non-communist scenario, the property and the profit belong to individual. According to these profits, properties and a number of other factors, socio-economic classes are born.
They live different lives, have different abilities and power due to the existence of classes. In a Utopian Communist society, everyone is equal. Profit, properties etc will belong to the government only, therefore nobody will have any advantage due to these factors. Another advantage of communism is that it can offer work for everyone. In this system, people work for the government. Government retains the power of employment and no other individual entity will be responsible for it. Due to the financial security, a great deal of stress is reduced to the citizens and thus the counties with a strong economy whom are closest to the communist system such as Denmark have some of the highest happiness rating in the global scale.
The monetary condition will also have no value in this system. People will not have any properties therefore can not be discriminated basing on their monetary condition. The whole system is built and developed under the principle of strict law, which is another advantage of communism. These laws are maintained by the government. Consequently, the rate of crime will be relatively low in this situation.
Generally. Marxists believe that although humans are self centered creatures they are able to adapt and learn through education. Much like the abolition of slavery that was a norm.
Advantages of Communism includes:
the introduction of a single global language compulsory taught in schools as a second language.
World peace through the downfall of nations, nationalism and anarchy in global politics (the introduction of a international government.)
Destruction of poverty, rise in literacy and education.
ext....
Nevertheless, although Communism is achievable it is simply impossible. The advantages of communism are mostly theoretical. According to many specialists, due to the Utopian nature of Communism (Heaven in Earth or Worker's paradise) no country will ever be able to achieve the true communism which is stated by its theory.
They live different lives, have different abilities and power due to the existence of classes. In a Utopian Communist society, everyone is equal. Profit, properties etc will belong to the government only, therefore nobody will have any advantage due to these factors. Another advantage of communism is that it can offer work for everyone. In this system, people work for the government. Government retains the power of employment and no other individual entity will be responsible for it. Due to the financial security, a great deal of stress is reduced to the citizens and thus the counties with a strong economy whom are closest to the communist system such as Denmark have some of the highest happiness rating in the global scale.
The monetary condition will also have no value in this system. People will not have any properties therefore can not be discriminated basing on their monetary condition. The whole system is built and developed under the principle of strict law, which is another advantage of communism. These laws are maintained by the government. Consequently, the rate of crime will be relatively low in this situation.
Generally. Marxists believe that although humans are self centered creatures they are able to adapt and learn through education. Much like the abolition of slavery that was a norm.
Advantages of Communism includes:
the introduction of a single global language compulsory taught in schools as a second language.
World peace through the downfall of nations, nationalism and anarchy in global politics (the introduction of a international government.)
Destruction of poverty, rise in literacy and education.
ext....
Nevertheless, although Communism is achievable it is simply impossible. The advantages of communism are mostly theoretical. According to many specialists, due to the Utopian nature of Communism (Heaven in Earth or Worker's paradise) no country will ever be able to achieve the true communism which is stated by its theory.
Socialism- Unfinished draft
The biggest advantage of socialism is the equal distribution of national wealth among the nation (equity). Yet it is its biggest downfall is it promotes inefficiency, often resulting in poor economics. Equity eliminates poverty from the system and there is no discrimination based on financial status, educational qualification and other resources. There is no caste system and no bigger class. Ideally. everyone enjoys the same facilities and resources at the same amount. There is no need and suffering.
The social welfare programs like public housing, public health care, food stamps, public education etc. are the fruits of socialism. The society based on socialism does not face political, economic and social inequalities. Everyone is guaranteed to have all the basic necessities of life like education, housing, clothing, food etc.
Drawbacks of socialism include impossibility, to implement and enforce. Most people do not like sharing when they are the producers of something. As equal amount of resources is ensured, the question arises who will produce these resources and at what amount. If there is no limit on production, it will lead to inequality. If there is a limit, there is no incentive for the workers to work and produce.
The social welfare programs like public housing, public health care, food stamps, public education etc. are the fruits of socialism. The society based on socialism does not face political, economic and social inequalities. Everyone is guaranteed to have all the basic necessities of life like education, housing, clothing, food etc.
Drawbacks of socialism include impossibility, to implement and enforce. Most people do not like sharing when they are the producers of something. As equal amount of resources is ensured, the question arises who will produce these resources and at what amount. If there is no limit on production, it will lead to inequality. If there is a limit, there is no incentive for the workers to work and produce.
Confucianism
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachiangs of the Chinese philosopher Confucius(Eng), Kung tzu(Chinese),Koshi(Japanese) and Gong-ja (Korean).
Facts
Date founded: 6th-5th cent. BC
Place founded: China
Founder: Confucius (551-479 BC)
Confucianism can be summed up by these words:
Between parent and child, there must be closeness.
Between ruler and subject, there must be justice.
Between husband and wife, there must be distinction.
Between old and young, there must be order.
Between friends, there must be trust.
The main principle of Confucianism is Social Harmony, characterized by a highly optimistic view of human nature. The strive for righteousness, honesty which breeds trust, benevolence, loyalty towards the state and prioritizing one's own family over himself- utmost love for one's family. Confucius believed that all human beings no matter their personality, can be improved. Thus, Confucius incites its followers to continuously attain 'Knowlege' and behave 'gentlemanly' in order to strive to become 'Perfect'.
Confucianism compels you to become perfect although you cannot, it teaches that you should always gain knowledge and try your very best to become the perfect man.Although you'll never become perfect, you'll be superior than the majority of the populace in the world
Confucianism is not a religion, although some have categorized it as one. It is primarily a code of ethics and morals which is added to an individual during their life time.
Facts
Date founded: 6th-5th cent. BC
Place founded: China
Founder: Confucius (551-479 BC)
Confucianism can be summed up by these words:
Between parent and child, there must be closeness.
Between ruler and subject, there must be justice.
Between husband and wife, there must be distinction.
Between old and young, there must be order.
Between friends, there must be trust.
The main principle of Confucianism is Social Harmony, characterized by a highly optimistic view of human nature. The strive for righteousness, honesty which breeds trust, benevolence, loyalty towards the state and prioritizing one's own family over himself- utmost love for one's family. Confucius believed that all human beings no matter their personality, can be improved. Thus, Confucius incites its followers to continuously attain 'Knowlege' and behave 'gentlemanly' in order to strive to become 'Perfect'.
Confucianism compels you to become perfect although you cannot, it teaches that you should always gain knowledge and try your very best to become the perfect man.Although you'll never become perfect, you'll be superior than the majority of the populace in the world
Confucianism is not a religion, although some have categorized it as one. It is primarily a code of ethics and morals which is added to an individual during their life time.
Confusious
Confusious espoused significant principles of ethics and politics, in a time when the Greeks were espousing the same things. We think of democracy as a Greek invention, a Western idea, but Confucius wrote in his Analects that “the best government is one that rules through ‘rites’ and the people’s natural morality, rather than by using bribery and coercion. This may sound obvious to us today, but he wrote it in the early 500s to late 400s BC. It is the same principle of democracy that the Greeks argued for and developed: the people’s morality is in charge; therefore, rule by the people.
Confucius defended the idea of an Emperor, but also advocated limitations to the emperor’s power. The emperor must be honest, and his subjects must respect him, but he must also deserve that respect. If he makes a mistake, his subjects must offer suggestions to correct him, and he must consider them. Any ruler who acted contrary to these principles was a tyrant, and thus a thief more than a ruler.
Confucius also devised his own independent version of the Golden Rule, which had existed for at least a century in Greece before him. His phrasing was almost identical, but then furthered the idea: “What one does not wish for oneself, one ought not to do to anyone else; what one recognizes as desirable for oneself, one ought to be willing to grant to others.” The first statement is in the negative, and constitutes a passive desire not to harm others. The second statement is much more important, constituting an active desire to help others. The only other philosopher of antiquity to advocate the Golden Rule in the positive form is Jesus Christ.
Confucius defended the idea of an Emperor, but also advocated limitations to the emperor’s power. The emperor must be honest, and his subjects must respect him, but he must also deserve that respect. If he makes a mistake, his subjects must offer suggestions to correct him, and he must consider them. Any ruler who acted contrary to these principles was a tyrant, and thus a thief more than a ruler.
Confucius also devised his own independent version of the Golden Rule, which had existed for at least a century in Greece before him. His phrasing was almost identical, but then furthered the idea: “What one does not wish for oneself, one ought not to do to anyone else; what one recognizes as desirable for oneself, one ought to be willing to grant to others.” The first statement is in the negative, and constitutes a passive desire not to harm others. The second statement is much more important, constituting an active desire to help others. The only other philosopher of antiquity to advocate the Golden Rule in the positive form is Jesus Christ.
Adolf Hitler- Unfinished Draft
Hitler was often seen as an animal-lover and the Third Reich had the first animal protection laws in the world
Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross for repeated acts of bravery in front line service.
There is no evidence to suggest that Hitler had sexual fetishes or sexual relations with his niece.
Nazi Germany was the first country to ban vivisection in the world, enacting a total ban in April 1933.
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, their concerns not only laid with the people, but with the animals native to Germany. In 1934, a national hunting law was passed to regulate how many animals could be killed per year, and to establish proper ‘hunting seasons’. These hunting laws have now been applied in most western countries.
he began one of the most expensive and effective tobacco movements throughout history. While during the 1930s and 1940s, other anti-tobacco movements failed fantastically in other countries, it was taken seriously in Nazi Germany.
The Nazis banned smoking in restaurants and public transportation systems, citing public health, and severely regulated the advertising of smoking and cigarettes. There was also a high tobacco tax, and the supplies of cigarettes to the Wehrmacht were rationed. Several health organizations in Nazi Germany even began claiming that smoking heightened the risks of miscarriages by pregnant women, now a commonly known fact.
The statistics of annual cigarette consumption per capita as of 1940 had Germany at only 749, while Americans smoked over 3,000.
Nazi Germany had one of the largest public welfare programs in history, based on the philosophy that all Germans should share a standard of living.
One of the most famous of these was the Winter Relief program, where high ranking Nazis and common citizens both took to the streets to collect charity for the unfortunate. This was not only an extremely intelligent propaganda move, but also a ritual to generate general good public feeling toward those in need. Posters urged people to donate rather than give directly to beggars. Joseph Goebbels, himself a high ranking Nazi in control of Radio, Television and Propaganda, often participated in these events.
The Volkswagen literally meaning “People’s Car”, this vehicle was presented as a car that every German citizen could afford to buy. It was based on the advice of Hitler to the designer, saying that it should resemble a beetle. The car was a huge success (it was made available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme at 990 Reichsmark, about the price of a small motorcycle), but toward the end of the war resources were low and public availability declined.
Hitler was an enthusiastic supporter of the idea and pushed for the largest network of roads to be built across Germany. Established as the first freeway system in the world, the autobahn was a revolutionary feat of engineering that forever changed the way humans travel. Thousands of countries have emulated the system Hitler put in place, including America and Britain. It is single handedly the largest network of roadways in the world, with roads stretching all across the country, even to other countries such as Austria.
The construction of this roadway wasn’t only revolutionary in itself, it provided over 100,000 workers with jobs necessary for the economic recovery efforts. It was a goal of the Nazi party to try and bring the country into a sense of unity through the roadway system, and for the most part it was successful. Aircraft was tested on the long, smooth, straight sections of road and Grand Prix racing teams are known to practice on them.
The death of ethics from medicine in Nazi Germany was a sinful, reckless, and dangerous decision, leading to untold atrocities; it has created one of the most extensive ethical controversies in history. Through the Nazi use of torture they discovered information that is discretely used by doctors and medical scientists today. For example, the Nazis extensively studied and monitored hypothermia, at Dachau concentration camp, by subjecting victims to severe torture. The Nazis immersed victims in vats of freezing water or left them out in the winter cold, all the while monitoring changes in body temperature, heart rate, muscle responses and urine. These tests were initially performed on volunteer soldiers, but the Nazis were not satisfied that they had all the information they could get and began to test on concentration camp victims. They attempted to formulate methods to bring the bodies back to a safe temperature, including the “Rapid Active Rewarming” technique that seemed to be the most effective method of revival – and is used today in the west. This research could potentially fill a gap in other researchers studying hypothermia.
Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross for repeated acts of bravery in front line service.
There is no evidence to suggest that Hitler had sexual fetishes or sexual relations with his niece.
Nazi Germany was the first country to ban vivisection in the world, enacting a total ban in April 1933.
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, their concerns not only laid with the people, but with the animals native to Germany. In 1934, a national hunting law was passed to regulate how many animals could be killed per year, and to establish proper ‘hunting seasons’. These hunting laws have now been applied in most western countries.
he began one of the most expensive and effective tobacco movements throughout history. While during the 1930s and 1940s, other anti-tobacco movements failed fantastically in other countries, it was taken seriously in Nazi Germany.
The Nazis banned smoking in restaurants and public transportation systems, citing public health, and severely regulated the advertising of smoking and cigarettes. There was also a high tobacco tax, and the supplies of cigarettes to the Wehrmacht were rationed. Several health organizations in Nazi Germany even began claiming that smoking heightened the risks of miscarriages by pregnant women, now a commonly known fact.
The statistics of annual cigarette consumption per capita as of 1940 had Germany at only 749, while Americans smoked over 3,000.
Nazi Germany had one of the largest public welfare programs in history, based on the philosophy that all Germans should share a standard of living.
One of the most famous of these was the Winter Relief program, where high ranking Nazis and common citizens both took to the streets to collect charity for the unfortunate. This was not only an extremely intelligent propaganda move, but also a ritual to generate general good public feeling toward those in need. Posters urged people to donate rather than give directly to beggars. Joseph Goebbels, himself a high ranking Nazi in control of Radio, Television and Propaganda, often participated in these events.
The Volkswagen literally meaning “People’s Car”, this vehicle was presented as a car that every German citizen could afford to buy. It was based on the advice of Hitler to the designer, saying that it should resemble a beetle. The car was a huge success (it was made available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme at 990 Reichsmark, about the price of a small motorcycle), but toward the end of the war resources were low and public availability declined.
Hitler was an enthusiastic supporter of the idea and pushed for the largest network of roads to be built across Germany. Established as the first freeway system in the world, the autobahn was a revolutionary feat of engineering that forever changed the way humans travel. Thousands of countries have emulated the system Hitler put in place, including America and Britain. It is single handedly the largest network of roadways in the world, with roads stretching all across the country, even to other countries such as Austria.
The construction of this roadway wasn’t only revolutionary in itself, it provided over 100,000 workers with jobs necessary for the economic recovery efforts. It was a goal of the Nazi party to try and bring the country into a sense of unity through the roadway system, and for the most part it was successful. Aircraft was tested on the long, smooth, straight sections of road and Grand Prix racing teams are known to practice on them.
The death of ethics from medicine in Nazi Germany was a sinful, reckless, and dangerous decision, leading to untold atrocities; it has created one of the most extensive ethical controversies in history. Through the Nazi use of torture they discovered information that is discretely used by doctors and medical scientists today. For example, the Nazis extensively studied and monitored hypothermia, at Dachau concentration camp, by subjecting victims to severe torture. The Nazis immersed victims in vats of freezing water or left them out in the winter cold, all the while monitoring changes in body temperature, heart rate, muscle responses and urine. These tests were initially performed on volunteer soldiers, but the Nazis were not satisfied that they had all the information they could get and began to test on concentration camp victims. They attempted to formulate methods to bring the bodies back to a safe temperature, including the “Rapid Active Rewarming” technique that seemed to be the most effective method of revival – and is used today in the west. This research could potentially fill a gap in other researchers studying hypothermia.
Two major political parties of Australia
The two major political parties in Australia
Thus, there is a bitter rivalry between the two as Australia
The Australian Labor party, also known as ALP and Labor for short, is the current political faction in charge and who emerged victorious in the last parliamentary elections held in 2010. Its government is leaded by Julia Gillard, the first female Prime Minister of Australia. The Labor party historically upholds a centre-leftist view and it is the oldest political party in the country.
On the other hand, the Liberal party is a comparatively younger party, being created in 1948. The Liberal party is headed by Tony Abbott. As its name indicates, the Liberal party is upholds liberal views and is concerned with its citizens freedom of will, independence and individual rights. It believes that the government should not interfere with the individual’s lives. They deem that government interference contravenes an individual’s right to liberty.
Due to this, many social reforms have come into existence under their government; the Australian Liberal Party upholds a central view.
Due to this, many social reforms have come into existence under their government; the Australian Liberal Party upholds a central view.
Similar to other social democratic parties, Labor has a tendency to deem that the government is in general a constructive strength compelled to intervene in the operation of the economy and society in general to improve the lives of its populace. Labor believes that the government must guarantee that all members of nation-state are entitled to have a respectable standard of living; it does this through providing monetary support to the unemployed. They uphold that fact that everyone should be treated equally under the law and should be treated equally by government. In its eyes the government is an entity struggling for social justice and that nothing should obstruct it from achieving its goals.
In view of the fact that Labor is a social democratic party it has incorporated free market principles since the beginning of the 1980s. An exceptional example of this, is its support and implementation in dismantling the trade barriers and deregulation of industry. Labor never fall’s short to contest that changes under its reign are conducted in a superior manner than Coalition would have. Labor's policy shift has had critics from both the left and the right of the political spectrum. Recently, Labor has been under scrutiny from both sides of the spectrum; the right contest that the ALP needs to incorporate additional neo-liberal economics, whilst the left argues that Labor needs to return to its traditional base
The Liberal Party on the other hand is in favor of economic liberalism and promotes free markets. This has been from the nineteen-eighties; the party has gradually shifted further to the Right in terms of economics, and thus mounting elements in its policies.
The Liberals are commonly perceived as a conservative party. It has historically supported Australia 's traditional allies; Britain and the United States Australia Australia
The differences in ideology between the major parties are evident; the Coalition is in favor of private enterprise, whilst the ALP supports public venues.
In foreign affairs, the Liberals remain pro US andUK Iraq
In foreign affairs, the Liberals remain pro US and
Encapsulating my argument, the Coalition deems that there should be little or no administration, interference or examining free market capitalism. Nor would they control business or trade and propose taxation. Labor generally support free market capitalism, yet they introduce legislation in order to place strict regulations on banks, markets, businesses and trade. They generally place taxes on all capital made in the markets to fund social programs.
Furthermore, they are in favor of government involvement in areas such as health care, (as seen in Medicare, Medi-bank and publicization of hospitals.), retirement entitlement programs and welfare programs such as superannuation and Centre-link. The Liberals commonly do not support government intervention and place a heavy emphasis on an individual’s rights. Labor believes that the government should aim to create a utopia whilst the Coalition judge that society should be shaped in its own image. For example, to oppose the dilemma of homeless families the Coalition have opted to enhance education levels and training opportunities for all citizens, whereas the Labor government have set its priorities by investing 5 billion to provide accommodation by installing new institutes by 2020. In less than three years the Gillard Labor Government has doubled education funds than its predecessor, 63 billion to 32 billion.
The Labor party also supports additional rights to homosexual couples such a de-facto status and obtaining a child whether through IVF or adoption, whilst the Coalition approaches a more conservative manner and are against same-sex personal relationships and reproductive rights such as abortion and IVF. Moreover, the Coalition tend to perceive themselves with a superior management skill of economics and quote Labor’s seventeen-percent interest rate under Keating, yet the record high is under treasurer John Howard with above 22 percent in the 1980’s.
Although the differences are evident only twenty-percent believe there is considerable difference between the two whilst thirty-percent believe the disparity are minor. This can be due to the fact that numerous policies implemented by the preceding Howard government, are still intact under the Gillard government. Furthermore, both parties mutually wish to attain an overseas detention centre in response to asylum seekers, have a policy in concern to climate change and broadband. In addition, both parties are in favor of government bail outs, the Labor with its socialist policies in order to gain more influence and Liberal with its history of supporting private companies. Both factions share a similar outlook in education as both have focused on school infrastructure, student welfare programs and literacy and numeric subjects. The difference is unrecognizable due to the fact that both parties will employ fifty new student support officers. Moreover, both parties are in favor of internet censorship of illegal content.
Nevertheless, it is in the acute details that the differences are revealed. The Labor party wishes to censor illegal material to all ages viewing the network while the Coalition is focused on protecting the children from the network. Furthermore, the ALP is prepared to spend a hundred and fifty million for education whilst the Liberal party planned its budget for sixty million. The two parties have always had a different means to manage their expenses, with the Coalition commonly choosing the ‘economical’ manner and ALP spending as much as it wants. As evidenced through the broadband scheme costs of parties, ALP over 35 billion while the Liberals a faction of the cost with 6 billion. Labor arranged to construct a costly, high-tech NBN (National Broadband Network), ensuring its services will be available to ninety-percent of Australian households. Whereas the Coalition has set six billion promising that by 2016, 97 percent of the populace would have access to high-speed.
The masses in reality, glancing at the broad picture, believe there really is not as much difference between most popular political parties as there once was. For them the ALP or Labor tends to be a slightly left of center party and the Liberals or Coalition a slightly right of center party. Yet, if you reflect upon both parties stance on the vital matters such as global warming, the internet and the role of government in the economy and society, it is simple to become aware of the difference that formulate each party and its unique characteristics.
Why Adolf Hitler can be listed in "People who give me inspiration"
Well... A homeless guy with no education, became the most powerful man in the world by reconstructing Germany that was the worst off after WW1, which was so bad that it was like Iraq * 10. (It is the accepted view that Iraq would take 50 years till it stabilizes, economically and socially, with emphasis on stabilize). He made it to the top 3 most powerful if not the most powerful nation-state with the highest standard of living, and top 10 happiness in less than 4 years. He also introduced many policies such as the most successful anti-tobacco laws which failed fantastically at other nations ,first country to ban vivisection in the world, a national hunting law, Nazi Germany had one of the largest public welfare programs in history, Hitler pushed to established the first freeway system in the world, the autobahn was a revolutionary feat of engineering that forever changed the way humans travel.Thousands of countries have emulated the system Hitler put in place, including America and Britain. Hitler ordered the creation of the Volkswagen literally meaning “People’s Car”, this vehicle was a car that every German citizen could afford to buy.ext... He reformed the government, and re-glorified Germany in the world state and made German patriotism acceptable as it was looked down upon after ww1. He also holds the highest approval rating in recorded history for a politician with approximately 94% for the unification of his motherland Austria (give or take 2). He never attended military school, conquered Europe and nearly the world (if the USSR fell), ext... ext.. ext... Nevertheless, I mainly find inspiration from Hitler in this part "a homeless guy with no education, both parents dead before 18 (father-13, mother- 17 or 18), living in the streets, becoming the most powerful man on earth."
Encapsulation my article, as in "how do I find inspiration" is simply as follows "A Homeless man with no education and zero dollars becoming the most powerful man in the world." It really goes to show that no matter how bad I might go down, I would still be in a better position than Hitler was (education). Thus, I still have the possibility of being someone, this thought consequently provides me with inspiration.
Encapsulation my article, as in "how do I find inspiration" is simply as follows "A Homeless man with no education and zero dollars becoming the most powerful man in the world." It really goes to show that no matter how bad I might go down, I would still be in a better position than Hitler was (education). Thus, I still have the possibility of being someone, this thought consequently provides me with inspiration.
Nationalism-My view
One characterization of the word nationalism is a form of national consciousness that disparages other nations and is marked by a feeling belonging and obligation over other countries..
The inquiry of whether nationalism has had a positive force in the world today and its policies is debatable. The retort is quite evident throughout history; nationalism is a double edged sword which has resulted in one of the most destructive forces the world has ever seen, Albert Einstein himself called nationalism "an infantile disease, the measles of mankind." Yet it is nationalism that binds separated country men together, such as the case of East and West Germany.
The state’s populace usually share common characteristics, for it is what unites them. Whether be it ethnicity, language, culture or political fate, one of the most vital truths in global politics is that humanity is alienated into factions that seldom trust one another. Nevertheless, Arabic Middle Eastern nations perceive one another as allies, due to the cultural similarity and language.
Cultural similarity has lead to an undeniable sensation of rivalry, which can be seen in the course of history through the clashes of civilizations. An exceptional example would be the crusades, where Christian European nations banded together against the Muslim Arab worlds that have similarly joined forces. Samuel Huntington’s thesis written in “Clash of Civilizations” avowed that following the end of the Soviet Union, ideology would cease to be a major foundation of conflict. Alternatively, global hostilities are expected to arise where diverse cultures differ, this can be evidenced though the ‘war on terror’ and Bush’s ‘Axis of Evil’, noting that none of the labeled nations had cultural similarity to the United States of America.
Moreover, a similar event occurred in the modern world in which Chinese students called for the PRC to defend North Korea during the Korean War. Their rally enjoyed popular support by the general public; the People’s Republic of China became involved in the war which consequently created rivalries and bitter history with has altered world politics.
Furthermore Adolf Hitler himself used cultural and ethnic similarity in order to promote his campaign for his mother land Austria, to unite with Germany and form the ‘Anschluss’ (Greater Germany). This later became the most successful major campaign in the recorded history of mankind as it enjoyed an overwhelming support by the Austrian populace with an approximate 94% to 99.73% approval rating.
Nevertheless, although in-groups members feel strongly obligated to one another its negative aspect is that there are no such obligations to non-members, therefore in-groups often blame out-groups for their woes and are often reluctant to lend a helping hand.
This can be seen though Iraq blaming their problems on America and Germans to Jews. In addition, Britain, France and the allies refusal to take in the Jewish when Hitler proposed to do so before Heinrich Himmler’s initiation of the ‘Final Solution’.
Additionally, nationalism has led to distrusting other nations; for it is an accepted fact that nation-states are self-interested, this factor can often be a source of conflict. Several of today’s most intractable conflicts involve people in competing identity groups. The greater the psychological distance between these groups, the more likely they will come into conflict with one another. Hence, mistrust has led to the arms race and alliances of 1879-1914 which ended in the most atrocious event, World War 1. This has in-turn led to World War 2 and finally the psychological distance between the East and the West led to the ‘Iron Curtin’ which resulted in the Cold War.
When former US President George W. Bush declared that North Korea belonged in the “Axis of Evil” along with Iraq and Iran in his State of Union speech (2002), South Koreans were enraged. Anti-American sentiments that were already escalating due to their record of War crimes in the Korean War were needlessly fueled by Bush’s epithet.
The Interesting factor is, that although South Koreans harbor resentment towards Bush’s inapt statement, they themselves portray Kim’s regime as a “barbaric tyrant whom threatens the world though pursuing weapons of mass destruction.”- (Shin, G.-W: The Politics of Ethnic Nationalism in Divided Korea). It is due to the nationalist sentiment and belief, that Koreans are a solitary being, which allows the South Koreans to differentiate between Kim’s regime and North Korean citizens.
The reaction to Bush’s statement demonstrates the sense of unity between the two nations. Both Korean leaders appealed to patriotism in the aftermath of World War two, for the unexpected territorial division between the North and South was not well received by the Korean public, both wished for reunification at the time but wished it under their own policies. The South did not have the military power to annex the North, yet the North had every capability to do so. Thus, Kim Il Sung initiated the Korean war with this very statement, "our people have lived as a homogeneous nation, whom have spoke one language for thousands of years.”
For Kim, all Koreans belonged to one ethnic nation, excluding small factions whom have “surrendered to imperialist forces.”
Under the slogan of reunification Kim declared war on the South, effectively altering Global politics, from the vilification of the North and its endless sanctions, to the legitimization of the United Nations and its additional expansion of military power.
The Korean War is largely responsible for the United States establishment of military bases around the world and its enormous budget for defense and intelligence system. The Korean War was able to reinforce the idea of a more prominent military system and the importance of the United Nations, it also heightened anti-Communist sentiment within the United States and solidified anti-US sentiment across North Korea and China.
In the name of nationalism a war erupted, countless of lives where lost and the North bombarded so heavily that no modern building survived. Consequently this war resulted in a set border between the North and South which is the most heavily guarded border in the world, and left both Korea's economically strained with a death toll of over six million: four to five million Koreans, one Million Chinese and fifthly-thousand for the Allies. Although the war ended in a draw, the only true victors were Japan, for the Korean war acted as a catalyst and bestowed a dynamic boost to their economy, due to the fact that much of the war materials where bought from nearby Japan.
Over the past decades, Korean nationalism has played a fundamental role in inter-Korean and Unites States relations. North Korean nationalism has entrenched acrimony towards foreign powers especially Japan and the United States. North Korea has promoted the Juche ideology; it perceives the Korean peninsula as a union struggling against imperial forces in order to bring together the broken society of Korea. Consequently, North Korea became a ‘Hermit Kingdom’, isolated due to its defensive form of nationalism which promotes self sufficiency. Meanwhile South Korea took an alternate approach, as of 1945 it immediately incorporated the western capitalist system and most shockingly decided to normalized its relations with Japan, which it did within two decades, effectively baring from consideration the resentment held by the populace to the Japanese government. Hence through an act, perceived by the North as a ‘national betrayal’, the South has gained exceptional economical benefits through befriending Japan, including the successful national pride, the 2002 Korea and Japan World Cup.
Despite the economic and supplementary dilemmas, North Koreans are very proud of their nation, therefore seeking to become equals to the United States. Their aspiration is being built through nuclear means in order to gain respect from other nations, particularly from the US and employ the Weapons of Mass Destruction as a military deterrent. Classifying North Korea as part of the ‘Axis of evil’ only serves as a means to nationalize bitterness towards the US to become a National Enemy, hence, escalating the county’s anxiety regarding its survival and effectively distancing it further. US policies must consider the shared national sentiments between the two Korea’s. If not, it will result in the South’s imminent division at a leisurely pace, possibly shifting its allegiance to its traditional ally China. Moreover, this transfer of focus from the Unites States to China could create an “Asian Union”, much similar to that of the ‘European Union’, which would include China and the North. This proposition, anticipated by the deceased former president of South Korea Roh Moo-hyun, has been seen as the solution for the Korean division and gradual reunification. Through these events we can identify the role of nationalism in global politics to be beneficial, whilst being unconstructive, with examples such as the North’s isolation and rejection of Japan, to the preference of a future where a Greater Korean republic exists, over an allied force with the United States, simply due to the fact that Koreans have prioritized a reunited community, over the economic benefits of siding with the US. Hence, it is easy to observe that despite globalization, ethnic nationalism continues to appeal and shape inter-Korean and US relations. Thus, in order to ensure positive relations with the South, it is necessary for the United States to be sensitive to these national sentiments
An essential trait of nationalism is its denial of sovereignty to entities other than its own citizens whilst the prioritizing its own national supremacy over others; this fact can be witnessed throughout history. During September 1956, at some stage in the Suez Crisis, during France’s desperation, a proposed a union between France and the United Kingdoms was introduced by former French Prime Minister G. Mollet with Elizabeth II as the head of state. Moreover, Mollet proposed an alternate option where France would become a subordinate nation much similar to Canada, New Zealand and Australia at the time. Nevertheless, due to the possible loss of national identity and France being a traditional national rival to the UK, British Prime Minister Anthony Eden rejected both proposals even though it predestined the French’s annihilation. Furthermore, nationalism has made it quite simple to validate war and assemble enough support from the masses in order to issue it. Nationalism undoubtedly allows the inhabitants to become proud of their country. Therefore, nations assemble up their armies, increase their weaponry and colonies in the thirst for power, in order to benefit themselves and demonstrate that they are superior or deserve respect. Many nations contested in Africa for raw materials created their own spheres of influence, nationalism has allowed citizens to segregate themselves and has enabled the masses to tolerate or even condone atrocious acts of their governments, such as the parasitic European imperial powers in South Africa, Americas and much of Africa. By itself, nationalism helped encourage countries to split from what they perceive as their captors such as empires. Much similar to Serbia’s wish of national liberation from Austria-Hungary triggered the greatest tragedy in the history of world politics, in which millions died and is to a great extent the reason why WW2 was possibility. Initially, World War 1 was popular throughout the world, much largely credited to the nationalist sentiment across Europe, and due to it received popular support by the very people whom who then became the victims of a bitter war.
Vamik Volkan emphasized the reality that segregation compels the formation of adversaries and allies, in his book ‘The Need to Have Enemies and Allies’. The quarrels are particularly heightened when a bloc is experiencing hardship or jeopardy. This consequently leads to the said group to exploit the other as a means to benefit themselves. He stated that “man is never contented nor self-sufficient.” A nation state is obliged to repress the other in order to reign supreme. Thus, if one suppresses the other, then it is anticipated for the citizens of the other nation state defend their nation. Hence, it is a battle of nationalism given that there is a conflict of interest between them. Adolf Hitler used nationalism as a means to empower emotions and create a fiery desire in all ethnic Aryans to form a unified state for all the Germen populace, indicating that nationalism is an excessive form of pride towards one’s country, its masses approving the abolition of another in order to profit their own.
Encapsulating my argument, nationalism has been a foundation of war and an immense source of motivation to persist. Hence, history will undoubtedly repeat itself; nationalism will lead to further hostilities where conflicts of interest arise between nation states. Nevertheless, it is the forces of nationalism through cultural similarity that allows nations to experience a sense of comfort with each other.Consequently, Nationalism in global politics is a double edged sword which ranges from friendly Olympic games to the catastrophic injustice caused and is flooded with sin; the strength of nationalism has never ceased to cause others grievances in addition to bending humanities moral integrity to the service of dissension and distress.
The inquiry of whether nationalism has had a positive force in the world today and its policies is debatable. The retort is quite evident throughout history; nationalism is a double edged sword which has resulted in one of the most destructive forces the world has ever seen, Albert Einstein himself called nationalism "an infantile disease, the measles of mankind." Yet it is nationalism that binds separated country men together, such as the case of East and West Germany.
The state’s populace usually share common characteristics, for it is what unites them. Whether be it ethnicity, language, culture or political fate, one of the most vital truths in global politics is that humanity is alienated into factions that seldom trust one another. Nevertheless, Arabic Middle Eastern nations perceive one another as allies, due to the cultural similarity and language.
Cultural similarity has lead to an undeniable sensation of rivalry, which can be seen in the course of history through the clashes of civilizations. An exceptional example would be the crusades, where Christian European nations banded together against the Muslim Arab worlds that have similarly joined forces. Samuel Huntington’s thesis written in “Clash of Civilizations” avowed that following the end of the Soviet Union, ideology would cease to be a major foundation of conflict. Alternatively, global hostilities are expected to arise where diverse cultures differ, this can be evidenced though the ‘war on terror’ and Bush’s ‘Axis of Evil’, noting that none of the labeled nations had cultural similarity to the United States of America.
Moreover, a similar event occurred in the modern world in which Chinese students called for the PRC to defend North Korea during the Korean War. Their rally enjoyed popular support by the general public; the People’s Republic of China became involved in the war which consequently created rivalries and bitter history with has altered world politics.
Furthermore Adolf Hitler himself used cultural and ethnic similarity in order to promote his campaign for his mother land Austria, to unite with Germany and form the ‘Anschluss’ (Greater Germany). This later became the most successful major campaign in the recorded history of mankind as it enjoyed an overwhelming support by the Austrian populace with an approximate 94% to 99.73% approval rating.
Nevertheless, although in-groups members feel strongly obligated to one another its negative aspect is that there are no such obligations to non-members, therefore in-groups often blame out-groups for their woes and are often reluctant to lend a helping hand.
This can be seen though Iraq blaming their problems on America and Germans to Jews. In addition, Britain, France and the allies refusal to take in the Jewish when Hitler proposed to do so before Heinrich Himmler’s initiation of the ‘Final Solution’.
Additionally, nationalism has led to distrusting other nations; for it is an accepted fact that nation-states are self-interested, this factor can often be a source of conflict. Several of today’s most intractable conflicts involve people in competing identity groups. The greater the psychological distance between these groups, the more likely they will come into conflict with one another. Hence, mistrust has led to the arms race and alliances of 1879-1914 which ended in the most atrocious event, World War 1. This has in-turn led to World War 2 and finally the psychological distance between the East and the West led to the ‘Iron Curtin’ which resulted in the Cold War.
When former US President George W. Bush declared that North Korea belonged in the “Axis of Evil” along with Iraq and Iran in his State of Union speech (2002), South Koreans were enraged. Anti-American sentiments that were already escalating due to their record of War crimes in the Korean War were needlessly fueled by Bush’s epithet.
The Interesting factor is, that although South Koreans harbor resentment towards Bush’s inapt statement, they themselves portray Kim’s regime as a “barbaric tyrant whom threatens the world though pursuing weapons of mass destruction.”- (Shin, G.-W: The Politics of Ethnic Nationalism in Divided Korea). It is due to the nationalist sentiment and belief, that Koreans are a solitary being, which allows the South Koreans to differentiate between Kim’s regime and North Korean citizens.
The reaction to Bush’s statement demonstrates the sense of unity between the two nations. Both Korean leaders appealed to patriotism in the aftermath of World War two, for the unexpected territorial division between the North and South was not well received by the Korean public, both wished for reunification at the time but wished it under their own policies. The South did not have the military power to annex the North, yet the North had every capability to do so. Thus, Kim Il Sung initiated the Korean war with this very statement, "our people have lived as a homogeneous nation, whom have spoke one language for thousands of years.”
For Kim, all Koreans belonged to one ethnic nation, excluding small factions whom have “surrendered to imperialist forces.”
Under the slogan of reunification Kim declared war on the South, effectively altering Global politics, from the vilification of the North and its endless sanctions, to the legitimization of the United Nations and its additional expansion of military power.
The Korean War is largely responsible for the United States establishment of military bases around the world and its enormous budget for defense and intelligence system. The Korean War was able to reinforce the idea of a more prominent military system and the importance of the United Nations, it also heightened anti-Communist sentiment within the United States and solidified anti-US sentiment across North Korea and China.
In the name of nationalism a war erupted, countless of lives where lost and the North bombarded so heavily that no modern building survived. Consequently this war resulted in a set border between the North and South which is the most heavily guarded border in the world, and left both Korea's economically strained with a death toll of over six million: four to five million Koreans, one Million Chinese and fifthly-thousand for the Allies. Although the war ended in a draw, the only true victors were Japan, for the Korean war acted as a catalyst and bestowed a dynamic boost to their economy, due to the fact that much of the war materials where bought from nearby Japan.
Over the past decades, Korean nationalism has played a fundamental role in inter-Korean and Unites States relations. North Korean nationalism has entrenched acrimony towards foreign powers especially Japan and the United States. North Korea has promoted the Juche ideology; it perceives the Korean peninsula as a union struggling against imperial forces in order to bring together the broken society of Korea. Consequently, North Korea became a ‘Hermit Kingdom’, isolated due to its defensive form of nationalism which promotes self sufficiency. Meanwhile South Korea took an alternate approach, as of 1945 it immediately incorporated the western capitalist system and most shockingly decided to normalized its relations with Japan, which it did within two decades, effectively baring from consideration the resentment held by the populace to the Japanese government. Hence through an act, perceived by the North as a ‘national betrayal’, the South has gained exceptional economical benefits through befriending Japan, including the successful national pride, the 2002 Korea and Japan World Cup.
Despite the economic and supplementary dilemmas, North Koreans are very proud of their nation, therefore seeking to become equals to the United States. Their aspiration is being built through nuclear means in order to gain respect from other nations, particularly from the US and employ the Weapons of Mass Destruction as a military deterrent. Classifying North Korea as part of the ‘Axis of evil’ only serves as a means to nationalize bitterness towards the US to become a National Enemy, hence, escalating the county’s anxiety regarding its survival and effectively distancing it further. US policies must consider the shared national sentiments between the two Korea’s. If not, it will result in the South’s imminent division at a leisurely pace, possibly shifting its allegiance to its traditional ally China. Moreover, this transfer of focus from the Unites States to China could create an “Asian Union”, much similar to that of the ‘European Union’, which would include China and the North. This proposition, anticipated by the deceased former president of South Korea Roh Moo-hyun, has been seen as the solution for the Korean division and gradual reunification. Through these events we can identify the role of nationalism in global politics to be beneficial, whilst being unconstructive, with examples such as the North’s isolation and rejection of Japan, to the preference of a future where a Greater Korean republic exists, over an allied force with the United States, simply due to the fact that Koreans have prioritized a reunited community, over the economic benefits of siding with the US. Hence, it is easy to observe that despite globalization, ethnic nationalism continues to appeal and shape inter-Korean and US relations. Thus, in order to ensure positive relations with the South, it is necessary for the United States to be sensitive to these national sentiments
An essential trait of nationalism is its denial of sovereignty to entities other than its own citizens whilst the prioritizing its own national supremacy over others; this fact can be witnessed throughout history. During September 1956, at some stage in the Suez Crisis, during France’s desperation, a proposed a union between France and the United Kingdoms was introduced by former French Prime Minister G. Mollet with Elizabeth II as the head of state. Moreover, Mollet proposed an alternate option where France would become a subordinate nation much similar to Canada, New Zealand and Australia at the time. Nevertheless, due to the possible loss of national identity and France being a traditional national rival to the UK, British Prime Minister Anthony Eden rejected both proposals even though it predestined the French’s annihilation. Furthermore, nationalism has made it quite simple to validate war and assemble enough support from the masses in order to issue it. Nationalism undoubtedly allows the inhabitants to become proud of their country. Therefore, nations assemble up their armies, increase their weaponry and colonies in the thirst for power, in order to benefit themselves and demonstrate that they are superior or deserve respect. Many nations contested in Africa for raw materials created their own spheres of influence, nationalism has allowed citizens to segregate themselves and has enabled the masses to tolerate or even condone atrocious acts of their governments, such as the parasitic European imperial powers in South Africa, Americas and much of Africa. By itself, nationalism helped encourage countries to split from what they perceive as their captors such as empires. Much similar to Serbia’s wish of national liberation from Austria-Hungary triggered the greatest tragedy in the history of world politics, in which millions died and is to a great extent the reason why WW2 was possibility. Initially, World War 1 was popular throughout the world, much largely credited to the nationalist sentiment across Europe, and due to it received popular support by the very people whom who then became the victims of a bitter war.
Vamik Volkan emphasized the reality that segregation compels the formation of adversaries and allies, in his book ‘The Need to Have Enemies and Allies’. The quarrels are particularly heightened when a bloc is experiencing hardship or jeopardy. This consequently leads to the said group to exploit the other as a means to benefit themselves. He stated that “man is never contented nor self-sufficient.” A nation state is obliged to repress the other in order to reign supreme. Thus, if one suppresses the other, then it is anticipated for the citizens of the other nation state defend their nation. Hence, it is a battle of nationalism given that there is a conflict of interest between them. Adolf Hitler used nationalism as a means to empower emotions and create a fiery desire in all ethnic Aryans to form a unified state for all the Germen populace, indicating that nationalism is an excessive form of pride towards one’s country, its masses approving the abolition of another in order to profit their own.
Encapsulating my argument, nationalism has been a foundation of war and an immense source of motivation to persist. Hence, history will undoubtedly repeat itself; nationalism will lead to further hostilities where conflicts of interest arise between nation states. Nevertheless, it is the forces of nationalism through cultural similarity that allows nations to experience a sense of comfort with each other.Consequently, Nationalism in global politics is a double edged sword which ranges from friendly Olympic games to the catastrophic injustice caused and is flooded with sin; the strength of nationalism has never ceased to cause others grievances in addition to bending humanities moral integrity to the service of dissension and distress.
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